星载降水测量雷达降水产品研究进展     

宋子珏  何建新  李学华  王皓 《气象科技》2018,46(4):631-637

利用星载技术获得的降水信息与其他常规观测手段得到的信息相比,具有更广的空间覆盖性。星载产品的研究对降水微观信息的认识、数值预报的改进和水文农业的发展都有十分重要的意义。本文对美国宇航局NASA和日本宇航局JAXA联合开发的气象卫星降水产品,即第1部TRMM(Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission)卫星的降水雷达(PR))和GPM(Global Precipitation Measurement)卫星的双频降水雷达(DPR)的降水产品,从评估验证、统计分析和个例分析的角度分类阐述了目前对TRMM和GPM降水产品的相关研究工作,最后提出了目前星载降水产品存在的一些问题、星载仪器的局限性以及对未来星载降水产品发展的展望。  相似文献   

彭州市大气污染物浓度变化特征研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

赵清扬  巫俊威  刘雨轩 《高原山地气象研究》2018,38(4):76-84

本文利用2017年彭州市大气污染物(SO₂、NO₂、O₃、CO、PM₁₀、PM_2.5)小时浓度数据并结合地面气象观测资料,统计分析了该地区大气污染物浓度的演变规律及影响因素。结果表明:该地区细粒子(PM₁₀和PM_2.5)污染较为严重,O₃次之,其它污染物浓度水平则低于国家新二级标准限值。观测期间,各污染物浓度表现出明显的日变化与季节变化,其中SO₂、O₃呈单峰型日变化,NO₂、CO和细粒子则呈双峰型日变化;污染物浓度的季节变化基本表现为冬高夏低、春秋次之的变化特征(O₃为夏高冬低),并且固态污染物(PM₁₀、PM_2.5)与气态污染物(NO₂、CO)之间有显著的相关性。在污染物浓度与气象要素相关性分析中表明,湿度对于污染物浓度的影响整体上要弱于温度和风速,除了O₃与温度、风速呈正相关外,其它污染物与两者均呈负相关。除此以外,风向对于当地各种大气污染物的积累与清除也有直接的影响。   相似文献   

长水机场低云低能见度天气过程714KaDP型云雾雷达释用          下载免费PDF全文

牟艳彬  李毅  周立 《高原山地气象研究》2018,38(2):78-83

714KaDP型云雾雷达具备30km内的低云和雾监测和预警能力,是专门针对影响机场运行的低云低能见度(两低)天气研制的国内首部毫米波脉冲多普勒雷达。昆明长水机场的试验验证表明,通过提供的云雾基本产品和二次产品,实现了机场两低天气生消演变的有效探测,显著提升了对严重影响空管正常运行的两低天气的监测预警能力。雷达探测发现,714KaDP型云雾雷达对机场及周边低云和雾的生消、演变、移动有着非常敏锐的捕捉能力,特别适合具有明显平流特征的低云和雾(锋面雾、低云平流、辐射雾平流等)的监测和预警,本文介绍了雷达特性、安装位置以及对锋面雾、平流低云和辐射平流混合雾过程的雷达产品分析方法,为提前预警、实时跟踪和云消雾散二次放行决策提供支撑提供了参考。   相似文献   

Fabric analysis of quartzites with negative magnetic susceptibility – Does AMS provide information of SPO or CPO of quartz?     

《Journal of Structural Geology》2016

We ask the question whether petrofabric data from anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) analysis of deformed quartzites gives information about shape preferred orientation (SPO) or crystallographic preferred orientation (CPO) of quartz. Since quartz is diamagnetic and has a negative magnetic susceptibility, 11 samples of nearly pure quartzites with a negative magnetic susceptibility were chosen for this study. After performing AMS analysis, electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis was done in thin sections prepared parallel to the K₁K₃ plane of the AMS ellipsoid. Results show that in all the samples quartz SPO is sub-parallel to the orientation of the magnetic foliation. However, in most samples no clear correspondance is observed between quartz CPO and K₁ (magnetic lineation) direction. This is contrary to the parallelism observed between K₁ direction and orientation of quartz c-axis in the case of undeformed single quartz crystal. Pole figures of quartz indicate that quartz c-axis tends to be parallel to K₁ direction only in the case where intracrystalline deformation of quartz is accommodated by prism <c> slip. It is therefore established that AMS investigation of quartz from deformed rocks gives information of SPO. Thus, it is concluded that petrofabric information of quartzite obtained from AMS is a manifestation of its shape anisotropy and not crystallographic preferred orientation.  相似文献   

一次伴有雷暴大风的飑线天气过程分析及数值模拟研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

崔强  王春明  张云  黄泓  岳甫璐 《气象科学》2017,37(5):673-682

利用NCEP/NCAR(1°×1°)的逐6 h再分析资料、WRF中尺度预报模式,对2014年7月30—31日发生在江淮地区的一次强飑线天气过程进天气学分析和数值模拟研究。研究结果表明,此次飑线过程是在高空槽后有强冷空气输送、中层阶梯槽引导干冷空气南下并叠加在低层暖湿气流之上的有利背景条件下产生的,低空切变线是此次飑线过程的重要触发机制。在飑线成熟阶段,气流下沉速度极大值区在高(低)层与霰(雨水)混合比极大值区有很好的对应关系,水凝物粒子下落时对周围空气的拖曳作用是下沉气流形成的关键。雨水蒸发率影响飑线维持期间地面冷池的强度和分布,雨水蒸发率越大,地面冷池强度越强、范围越广;雨水蒸发率越小,地面冷池越弱,甚至消失。雨水蒸发率与地面风速也有很好的正相关性,增大雨水蒸发率可使地面风速增大,使模拟的地面最大风速更接近实况。  相似文献   

Enhancing the performance of regional land cover mapping     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2016

Different pixel-based, object-based and subpixel-based methods such as time-series analysis, decision-tree, and different supervised approaches have been proposed to conduct land use/cover classification. However, despite their proven advantages in small dataset tests, their performance is variable and less satisfactory while dealing with large datasets, particularly, for regional-scale mapping with high resolution data due to the complexity and diversity in landscapes and land cover patterns, and the unacceptably long processing time. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate the comparatively highest performance of an operational approach based on integration of multisource information ensuring high mapping accuracy in large areas with acceptable processing time. The information used includes phenologically contrasted multiseasonal and multispectral bands, vegetation index, land surface temperature, and topographic features. The performance of different conventional and machine learning classifiers namely Malahanobis Distance (MD), Maximum Likelihood (ML), Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), Support Vector Machines (SVMs) and Random Forests (RFs) was compared using the same datasets in the same IDL (Interactive Data Language) environment. An Eastern Mediterranean area with complex landscape and steep climate gradients was selected to test and develop the operational approach. The results showed that SVMs and RFs classifiers produced most accurate mapping at local-scale (up to 96.85% in Overall Accuracy), but were very time-consuming in whole-scene classification (more than five days per scene) whereas ML fulfilled the task rapidly (about 10 min per scene) with satisfying accuracy (94.2–96.4%). Thus, the approach composed of integration of seasonally contrasted multisource data and sampling at subclass level followed by a ML classification is a suitable candidate to become an operational and effective regional land cover mapping method.  相似文献   

Spatial pattern reconstruction of regional habitat quality based on the simulation of land use changes from 1975 to 2010   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

张学儒  周杰  李国宁  陈春  李梦梅  罗建美 《地理学报(英文版)》2020,30(4):601-620

Reconstruction of the spatial pattern of regional habitat quality can revivify the ecological environment background at certain historical periods and provide scientific support for revealing the evolution of regional ecological environmental quality.In this study,we selected 10 driving factors of land use changes,including elevation,slope,aspect,GDP,population,temperature,precipitation,river distance,urban distance,and coastline distance,to construct the CA-Markov model parameters and acquired the land use spatial data for 1975,1980,1985,1990,and 1995 by simulation based on the land use status map for 2010.On this basis,we used the InVEST model to reconstruct the spatial pattern of habitat quality in the study area and conducted classification division and statistical analysis on the computed habitat degradation degree index and the habitat quality index.(1)The results showed that from 1975 to 2010,the habitat degradation degree gradually increased,and the habitat degradation grade spatially presented a layered progressive distribution.Habitat quality presented a constantly decreasing trend.The high-value zones were mainly distributed in the mountainous areas,while the low-value zones were mostly located in built-up areas.During the period of 1975-2010,low-value zones gradually expanded to their surrounding high-value zones,and the high-value zones of habitat quality tended to be fragmented.(2)The spatial-temporal variation characteristics of habitat quality from 1975 to 2010 showed that the regions with low habitat quality were difficult to be restored and mostly maintained their original state;the regions with poor habitat quality,which accounted for 6.40%of the total study area,continued to deteriorate,mainly around built-up areas;the regions with good and superior habitat quality,which accounted for 5.68%of the total study area,were easily converted to regions with bad or poor habitat quality,thus leading to the fragmentation of the regional habitat.(3)From 1975 to 2010,land use changes in the study area were significant and had a huge influence on habitat quality;the habitat quality in the study area decreased consistently,and the area of the regions with bad and poor habitat quality accounted for more than 60%of the total study area.Construction land was the largest factor threatening habitat quality.  相似文献   

摄影全站系统及其精度评定     

靳志光  卫建东  汤廷松  余春平  蒲亭汀 《海洋测绘》2008,28(4):76-78

摄影全站系统是成熟的数字摄影测量技术与高精度工程测量仪器（全站仪）的集成，可以实现无接触和无控制测量，对摄影测量的发展具有重要的作用。以GFF-7000I摄影全站系统为研究对象，分别对其简单测量模式和标准测量模式进行了不同距离上的精度测试，对摄影全站系统的应用具有一定的指导意义。  相似文献   

Predictive Models for Permeability of Cracked Rock Masses Based on Support Vector Machine Techniques     

Ma  Guotao  Chao  Zhiming  He  Kun 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2021,39(2):1023-1031

In this study, a database developed from existing literature about permeability of cracked rock was established. The performance of Support Vector Machine (SVM) combined with optimisation algorithms: Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimisation Algorithm (PSO) in predicting the permeability of cracked rock masses (CRM) is evaluated. Also, the sensitivity analysis of the influence factors to the permeability of CRM is conducted. The results indicate that the hybrid GA–SVM and hybrid PSO–SVM models can accurately predict the permeability of CRM in terms of the statistical performance criteria: Coefficient of Determination R², Regression Coefficient R and Mean Residual Error (MSE); Additionally, optimisation algorithms: PSO and GA can improve significantly the predictive performance of the SVM model. Based on the sensitivity analysis, crack angle is the most important factor to change the permeability of CRM, followed by confining pressure.

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黔西北乐开铅锌矿床成矿物质来源及矿床成因:来自硫、铅同位素的证据     

肖宪国  李波  何志威  王景腾  魏庆喜  万新 《矿床地质》2022,41(4):806-822

赋存于泥盆系望城坡组白云岩中的乐开铅锌矿床位于扬子地块西南缘川滇黔接壤铅锌矿集区,主要发育似层状矿体,具有典型的“逆(逆断裂)导-张(张断裂)运-岩(受断裂影响的碳酸盐岩破碎空间被碳质黏土岩圈闭形成的有利岩性组合)储”构造控矿模式。矿石矿物主要为闪锌矿、方铅矿、黄铁矿,发育(网)脉状、角砾状、浸染状等构造与交代、充填、共边等结构,后生成矿特征明显。硫化物δ³⁴S值为11.1‰~18.1‰(均值约14.7‰),明显高于幔源岩浆硫的δ³⁴S值,与泥盆纪同期海水硫酸盐的δ³⁴S值相近,显示硫化物中的还原硫可能是赋矿地层中的高溶解度硫酸盐热化学反应(TSR)的产物。硫化物铅同位素²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb值为18.400‰~18.767‰(均值为18.565‰);²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb值为15.660‰~16.058‰(均值为15.791‰);²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb值为38.580‰~39.432‰(均值为39.059‰),变化范围相对较大。铅同位素的²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb-²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb图解与△γ-△β图解显示明显的壳源特征,同时暗示沉积岩石与基底岩石共同提供了成矿物质。综合矿床地质、硫化物硫、铅同位素特征,笔者认为乐开铅锌矿床的成矿过程为盆地流体循环萃取沉积岩石与基底岩石的金属元素后形成含矿流体,含矿流体被深大断裂导入上覆沉积地层的特殊构造部位(被碳质黏土岩圈闭的碳酸盐岩破碎空间)时,富含的热量导致沉积盖层中硫酸盐发生热化学反应(TSR),生成大量的S^2-,与含矿流体中的Pb²⁺、Zn²⁺、Fe²⁺等金属阳离子结合成矿。乐开铅锌矿床的地质地球化学特征与MVT型矿床类似,因此,乐开铅锌矿床属于MVT型铅锌矿床。成矿物质来源与矿床类型的确定有利于川滇黔接壤铅锌矿集区同类型铅锌矿床的勘查与开发。  相似文献